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12-part anatomy

03 / 12 Selected component

LED emitter

Turns electrical power into light. Efficiency, color temperature, and CRI shape brightness, heat, and color quality.

Why it matters

Higher efficacy means more light and less heat for the same battery draw.

Follow the energyBattery → driver → LED → beam + heat

Exploded view85%

Live configuration B

Shape the beam

5,000 K

Trade flood for throw, brightness for runtime, and peak output for sustained light.

Output1,800 lm

Optic

Hotspot angle12° Light quality Battery

AdvancedFine-tune assumptions

LED efficacy160 lm/W Color temperature5,000 K Color rendering indexCRI 80 Battery capacity5.0 Ah Driver efficiency90% Thermal limit55°C Flashlight length140 mm Body diameter30 mm

How estimates work

Light: lumen is total luminous flux. Candela is intensity in a direction, and 1 lm = 1 cd·sr. A narrower solid angle concentrates the same hotspot light into more candela.

Power: efficacy is lumens per LED electrical watt. The estimate then applies optic transmission, driver loss, and battery usable-energy factors separately.

Heat: an analytic one-node aluminum thermal model estimates when the body reaches its limit and scales output to still-air cooling capacity.

Cell sag, protection circuitry, model-specific discharge ceilings, and laboratory test conditions are outside this model. These are educational estimates, not ANSI/PLATO FL 1 claims.

BIPM photometry U.S. DOE LED efficacy ANSI/PLATO FL 1-2025

Electrical draw estimate13.9 W

Heat load estimate7.9 W

Spot at 100 m estimate21.0 m